Data sets and data sources
| Variables . | N (cities) . | Years Covered . | Comment . | Source . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Annual Mortality, Cause- and Race-Specific | 70 | 1900–1930 | Limited to states and cities that were included in the Death Registration Area in 1918; pre-1918 data are missing for some cities | U.S. Department of Commerce (digitized by research team) |
| Annual Mortality, Cause-, Race-, and Age-Specific | 20 | 1900–1930 | Limited to states and cities that were included in the Death Registration Area in 1918; pre-1918 data are missing for some cities | U.S. Department of Commerce (digitized by research team) |
| Monthly Mortality, Cause- and Race-Specific | 20 | 1910–1920 | Limited to states and cities that were included in the Death Registration Area in 1918; pre-1918 data are missing for some cities | U.S. Department of Commerce (digitized by research team) |
| Population Counts, Cause- and Race-Specific | 1,205 | 1900–1930 | Log-interpolated values for intercensal years based on 1910 and 1930 census counts | U.S. Department of Commerce/IPUMS |
| City Characteristics, Including Residential Density, Residential Segregation, Illiteracy Rates, and Share of Foreign-born Residents | Up to 881 | 1900–1930 | Density measures are estimated on the basis of 1% census samples; number of cities in the data set varies between 329 (for residential density estimates) and 881 (for residential segregation indices) | U.S. Department of Commerce/IPUMS |
| Childhood Urban Residency Rates, Race-Specific | 601 | 1900–1910 | Low percentage of linked census records may distort estimated rates | Census Linking Project/IPUMS |
| NPIs | 52 | 1918–1919 | — | Original data collection through newspapers.com |
| NPIs (alternative measures) | 43 | 1918–1919 | Cause- and race-specific mortality data are available for 18 cities in this data set | Markel et al. (2007) |
| Spring Wave Influenza Mortality (alternative measure) | 45 | 1918 | — | Crosby (2003) |
| Infant Mortality, City-Specific | 43 | 1910 | — | Collins (1930) |
| Air Pollution and Infant Mortality, City-Specific | 878 | 1915–1925 | Missing data for some cities/years; air pollution is calculated from local coal-fired electricity generation capacity | Clay et al. (2019) |
| Variables . | N (cities) . | Years Covered . | Comment . | Source . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Annual Mortality, Cause- and Race-Specific | 70 | 1900–1930 | Limited to states and cities that were included in the Death Registration Area in 1918; pre-1918 data are missing for some cities | U.S. Department of Commerce (digitized by research team) |
| Annual Mortality, Cause-, Race-, and Age-Specific | 20 | 1900–1930 | Limited to states and cities that were included in the Death Registration Area in 1918; pre-1918 data are missing for some cities | U.S. Department of Commerce (digitized by research team) |
| Monthly Mortality, Cause- and Race-Specific | 20 | 1910–1920 | Limited to states and cities that were included in the Death Registration Area in 1918; pre-1918 data are missing for some cities | U.S. Department of Commerce (digitized by research team) |
| Population Counts, Cause- and Race-Specific | 1,205 | 1900–1930 | Log-interpolated values for intercensal years based on 1910 and 1930 census counts | U.S. Department of Commerce/IPUMS |
| City Characteristics, Including Residential Density, Residential Segregation, Illiteracy Rates, and Share of Foreign-born Residents | Up to 881 | 1900–1930 | Density measures are estimated on the basis of 1% census samples; number of cities in the data set varies between 329 (for residential density estimates) and 881 (for residential segregation indices) | U.S. Department of Commerce/IPUMS |
| Childhood Urban Residency Rates, Race-Specific | 601 | 1900–1910 | Low percentage of linked census records may distort estimated rates | Census Linking Project/IPUMS |
| NPIs | 52 | 1918–1919 | — | Original data collection through newspapers.com |
| NPIs (alternative measures) | 43 | 1918–1919 | Cause- and race-specific mortality data are available for 18 cities in this data set | Markel et al. (2007) |
| Spring Wave Influenza Mortality (alternative measure) | 45 | 1918 | — | Crosby (2003) |
| Infant Mortality, City-Specific | 43 | 1910 | — | Collins (1930) |
| Air Pollution and Infant Mortality, City-Specific | 878 | 1915–1925 | Missing data for some cities/years; air pollution is calculated from local coal-fired electricity generation capacity | Clay et al. (2019) |
Note: NPI = nonpharmaceutical intervention.