Duke University Press

Table 4

Mechanism: Maternal nutrition is worse for lower-ranking mothers

	BMI			Underweight
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
Lower	−0.489^**	−0.437^*	−0.317^†	0.0505^*	0.076^**	0.052^†
	(0.134)	(0.180)	(0.188)	(0.021)	(0.028)	(0.029)
Height (in cm)		−0.048^*	−0.044^*		0.006^*	0.006^†
		(0.019)	(0.019)		(0.003)	(0.003)
Age at Measurement		0.012	−0.022		0.007	0.012^*
		(0.034)	(0.040)		(0.005)	(0.006)
Currently Breastfeeding			−0.023			0.010
			(0.305)			(0.044)
Currently Pregnant			1.375^**			−0.127^*
			(0.339)			(0.051)
Months Since Last Birth			0.001			−0.004
			(0.009)			(0.001)
n (mothers in NFHS-3 or NFHS-4)	1,744	1,744	1,742	1,744	1,744	1,742

	BMI			Underweight
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
Lower	−0.489^**	−0.437^*	−0.317^†	0.0505^*	0.076^**	0.052^†
	(0.134)	(0.180)	(0.188)	(0.021)	(0.028)	(0.029)
Height (in cm)		−0.048^*	−0.044^*		0.006^*	0.006^†
		(0.019)	(0.019)		(0.003)	(0.003)
Age at Measurement		0.012	−0.022		0.007	0.012^*
		(0.034)	(0.040)		(0.005)	(0.006)
Currently Breastfeeding			−0.023			0.010
			(0.305)			(0.044)
Currently Pregnant			1.375^**			−0.127^*
			(0.339)			(0.051)
Months Since Last Birth			0.001			−0.004
			(0.009)			(0.001)
n (mothers in NFHS-3 or NFHS-4)	1,744	1,744	1,742	1,744	1,744	1,742

Notes: Each observation is a mother of one of the children in the height regressions of the NFHS-3 or NFHS-4 (combined here into one sample). The dependent variable is body mass index (BMI) or an indicator for being underweight (BMI <18.5); these were measured at the time of the survey, not when the child was in utero. Each confidence interval and coefficient estimate corresponds to $\hat{β}$ in a separate regression estimate of $y_{i h v} = β l o w e r_{i h v} + α_{h v} + X_{i h v} θ + δ_{i h v} + ϵ_{i h v},$ where y is a measure of maternal nutrition, lower is an indicator for being the lower-ranking mother, $α$ represents household (h) fixed effects, and X are other controls as specified. Standard errors, clustered by village (v), are shown in parentheses.

^†p < .10; ^*p < .05; ^**p < .01

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