Descriptive statistics of study variables for White Americans and light-, medium-, and dark-skin Black Americans: Add Health, Waves III–V (N = 7,371)
| . | White (n = 5,468) . | BA Light (n = 268) . | BA Medium (n = 602) . | BA Dark (n = 1,033) . | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Self-Rated Health (range, 1–5) | |||||||||||
| Wave III | 4.02 | (0.84) | 4.05 | (0.85) | 3.90 | (0.94) | ** | 4.01 | (0.89) | ||
| Wave IV | 3.75 | (0.88) | 3.68 | (0.90) | 3.61 | (0.91) | *** | 3.56 | (0.94) | *** | |
| Wave V | 3.60 | (0.96) | 3.47 | (0.95) | * | 3.40 | (0.96) | *** | 3.36 | (0.97) | *** |
| Education (range, 0–4) | |||||||||||
| Wave III | 1.67 | (0.89) | 1.67 | (0.88) | 1.52 | (0.89) | *** | 1.47 | (0.85) | *** | |
| Wave IV | 2.31 | (1.05) | 2.43 | (1.00) | 2.18 | (1.15) | ** | 2.02 | (1.07) | *** | |
| Wave V | 2.45 | (1.07) | 2.62 | (1.08) | ** | 2.35 | (1.16) | * | 2.24 | (1.11) | *** |
| Personal Income (range, 0–10) | |||||||||||
| Wave III | 1.34 | (1.53) | 1.14 | (1.36) | * | 1.08 | (1.42) | ** | 1.04 | (1.36) | *** |
| Wave IV | 3.53 | (2.26) | 3.27 | (2.04) | 3.01 | (2.22) | *** | 2.82 | (2.13) | *** | |
| Wave V | 4.70 | (2.74) | 4.33 | (2.48) | * | 3.93 | (2.63) | *** | 3.60 | (2.50) | *** |
| Occupational Prestige (Wave IV) | 100.33 | (37.34) | 99.55 | (34.60) | 95.14 | (35.48) | ** | 89.38 | (37.07) | *** | |
| Unfair Treatment (range, 0–3)a | |||||||||||
| Treated with less respect or courtesy than others (x1) | 0.95 | (0.80) | 0.96 | (0.81) | 1.03 | (0.85) | * | 1.03 | (0.89) | ** | |
| Treated with less respect or courtesy than others (x2) | 2.03 | (0.83) | 2.08 | (0.82) | 2.12 | (0.84) | * | 2.13 | (0.88) | ** | |
| Receive poorer service at restaurants or stores (x3) | 1.55 | (0.67) | 1.93 | (0.71) | *** | 1.97 | (0.77) | *** | 2.02 | (0.80) | *** |
| People act as if they think you are not smart (x4) | 1.70 | (0.78) | 1.84 | (0.85) | ** | 1.93 | (0.87) | *** | 1.93 | (0.91) | *** |
| People act as if they are afraid of you (x5) | 1.52 | (0.74) | 1.72 | (0.81) | *** | 1.78 | (0.87) | *** | 1.83 | (0.91) | *** |
| Threatened or harassed (x6) | 1.32 | (0.60) | 1.33 | (0.57) | 1.32 | (0.61) | 1.37 | (0.66) | ** | ||
| Subjective Social Status (Wave IV) | 5.15 | (1.69) | 5.01 | (1.69) | 4.88 | (1.77) | *** | 4.83 | (1.73) | *** | |
| C-Reactive Protein (Wave IV) | 0.70 | (1.33) | 0.92 | (1.44) | ** | 0.88 | (1.49) | ** | 0.87 | (1.41) | *** |
| Preexisting Conditions (Wave IV) | 0.95 | (1.11) | 0.90 | (.96) | 0.91 | (1.09) | 0.79 | (.97) | *** | ||
| Adolescent Self-Rated Health (Wave I) | 3.92 | (0.88) | 3.94 | (0.88) | 3.90 | (0.94) | 3.93 | (0.94) | |||
| . | White (n = 5,468) . | BA Light (n = 268) . | BA Medium (n = 602) . | BA Dark (n = 1,033) . | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Self-Rated Health (range, 1–5) | |||||||||||
| Wave III | 4.02 | (0.84) | 4.05 | (0.85) | 3.90 | (0.94) | ** | 4.01 | (0.89) | ||
| Wave IV | 3.75 | (0.88) | 3.68 | (0.90) | 3.61 | (0.91) | *** | 3.56 | (0.94) | *** | |
| Wave V | 3.60 | (0.96) | 3.47 | (0.95) | * | 3.40 | (0.96) | *** | 3.36 | (0.97) | *** |
| Education (range, 0–4) | |||||||||||
| Wave III | 1.67 | (0.89) | 1.67 | (0.88) | 1.52 | (0.89) | *** | 1.47 | (0.85) | *** | |
| Wave IV | 2.31 | (1.05) | 2.43 | (1.00) | 2.18 | (1.15) | ** | 2.02 | (1.07) | *** | |
| Wave V | 2.45 | (1.07) | 2.62 | (1.08) | ** | 2.35 | (1.16) | * | 2.24 | (1.11) | *** |
| Personal Income (range, 0–10) | |||||||||||
| Wave III | 1.34 | (1.53) | 1.14 | (1.36) | * | 1.08 | (1.42) | ** | 1.04 | (1.36) | *** |
| Wave IV | 3.53 | (2.26) | 3.27 | (2.04) | 3.01 | (2.22) | *** | 2.82 | (2.13) | *** | |
| Wave V | 4.70 | (2.74) | 4.33 | (2.48) | * | 3.93 | (2.63) | *** | 3.60 | (2.50) | *** |
| Occupational Prestige (Wave IV) | 100.33 | (37.34) | 99.55 | (34.60) | 95.14 | (35.48) | ** | 89.38 | (37.07) | *** | |
| Unfair Treatment (range, 0–3)a | |||||||||||
| Treated with less respect or courtesy than others (x1) | 0.95 | (0.80) | 0.96 | (0.81) | 1.03 | (0.85) | * | 1.03 | (0.89) | ** | |
| Treated with less respect or courtesy than others (x2) | 2.03 | (0.83) | 2.08 | (0.82) | 2.12 | (0.84) | * | 2.13 | (0.88) | ** | |
| Receive poorer service at restaurants or stores (x3) | 1.55 | (0.67) | 1.93 | (0.71) | *** | 1.97 | (0.77) | *** | 2.02 | (0.80) | *** |
| People act as if they think you are not smart (x4) | 1.70 | (0.78) | 1.84 | (0.85) | ** | 1.93 | (0.87) | *** | 1.93 | (0.91) | *** |
| People act as if they are afraid of you (x5) | 1.52 | (0.74) | 1.72 | (0.81) | *** | 1.78 | (0.87) | *** | 1.83 | (0.91) | *** |
| Threatened or harassed (x6) | 1.32 | (0.60) | 1.33 | (0.57) | 1.32 | (0.61) | 1.37 | (0.66) | ** | ||
| Subjective Social Status (Wave IV) | 5.15 | (1.69) | 5.01 | (1.69) | 4.88 | (1.77) | *** | 4.83 | (1.73) | *** | |
| C-Reactive Protein (Wave IV) | 0.70 | (1.33) | 0.92 | (1.44) | ** | 0.88 | (1.49) | ** | 0.87 | (1.41) | *** |
| Preexisting Conditions (Wave IV) | 0.95 | (1.11) | 0.90 | (.96) | 0.91 | (1.09) | 0.79 | (.97) | *** | ||
| Adolescent Self-Rated Health (Wave I) | 3.92 | (0.88) | 3.94 | (0.88) | 3.90 | (0.94) | 3.93 | (0.94) | |||
Notes: Unweighted means are reported with standard deviations in parentheses. BA = Black American. Light/medium/dark = skin tone distinctions. C-reactive protein is reported in logged mg/L of blood.
x1 is measured at Wave IV, and x2 through x6 are measured at Wave V.
p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001; significant difference in means relative to White respondents using one-way ANOVA (two-tailed)