Linear regression models for nonhome exposures, with cluster robust standard errors
| . | Concentrated Disadvantage . | Proportion Black . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Model 1 . | Model 2 . | Model 3 . | Model 4 . | Model 1 . | Model 2 . | Model 3 . | Model 4 . |
| A. Nonhome Concentrated Disadvantage and % Black | ||||||||
| Respondent Black (vs. White) | 0.902*** | 0.166* | 0.117 | 0.093 | 0.305*** | 0.090*** | 0.094*** | 0.091*** |
| (0.077) | (0.068) | (0.074) | (0.084) | (0.017) | (0.016) | (0.018) | (0.017) | |
| Neighborhood-Level Measures | ||||||||
| Tract concentrated disadvantage | 0.407*** | 0.499*** | 0.019† | −0.004 | ||||
| (0.047) | (0.066) | (0.012) | (0.016) | |||||
| Tract proportion Black | 0.357*** | 0.411*** | ||||||
| (0.040) | (0.047) | |||||||
| Constant | −0.170 | 0.292 | 0.909 | 0.210 | 0.139** | 0.082 | −0.022 | 0.321* |
| (0.226) | (0.443) | (0.587) | (0.743) | (0.048) | (0.086) | (0.131) | (0.136) | |
| Age and Sex | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Control Variables | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
| Home Tract Fixed Effects | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||
| N: Neighborhood Level | 178 | 89 | 89 | 89 | 178 | 178 | 89 | 89 |
| N: Individual Level | 1,180 | 674 | 674 | 674 | 1,180 | 1,180 | 674 | 674 |
| Collective Efficacy | ln(violent crime) | |||||||
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |
| B. Nonhome Collective Efficacy and ln(violent crime) | ||||||||
| Respondent Black (vs. White) | −1.062*** | −0.286*** | −0.277*** | −0.228** | 1.435*** | 0.249*** | 0.226** | 0.171* |
| (0.086) | (0.063) | (0.074) | (0.072) | (0.123) | (0.061) | (0.072) | (0.076) | |
| Neighborhood-Level Measures | ||||||||
| Tract concentrated disadvantage | −0.054 | −0.025 | 0.135* | 0.176* | ||||
| (0.043) | (0.106) | (0.061) | (0.073) | |||||
| Tract collective efficacy | 0.473*** | 0.503*** | ||||||
| (0.059) | (0.119) | |||||||
| ln(tract violent crime rate) | 0.586*** | 0.654*** | ||||||
| (0.062) | (0.053) | |||||||
| Constant | 0.419† | −0.390 | −0.478 | 0.263 | −0.201 | −0.521 | −0.423 | 1.159 |
| (0.231) | (0.402) | (0.564) | (0.653) | (0.293) | (0.448) | (0.593) | (0.893) | |
| Age and Sex | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Control Variables | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
| Home Tract Fixed Effects | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||
| N: Neighborhood Level | 178 | 178 | 89 | 89 | 178 | 178 | 89 | 89 |
| N: Individual Level | 1,180 | 1,180 | 674 | 674 | 1,180 | 1,180 | 674 | 674 |
| . | Concentrated Disadvantage . | Proportion Black . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Model 1 . | Model 2 . | Model 3 . | Model 4 . | Model 1 . | Model 2 . | Model 3 . | Model 4 . |
| A. Nonhome Concentrated Disadvantage and % Black | ||||||||
| Respondent Black (vs. White) | 0.902*** | 0.166* | 0.117 | 0.093 | 0.305*** | 0.090*** | 0.094*** | 0.091*** |
| (0.077) | (0.068) | (0.074) | (0.084) | (0.017) | (0.016) | (0.018) | (0.017) | |
| Neighborhood-Level Measures | ||||||||
| Tract concentrated disadvantage | 0.407*** | 0.499*** | 0.019† | −0.004 | ||||
| (0.047) | (0.066) | (0.012) | (0.016) | |||||
| Tract proportion Black | 0.357*** | 0.411*** | ||||||
| (0.040) | (0.047) | |||||||
| Constant | −0.170 | 0.292 | 0.909 | 0.210 | 0.139** | 0.082 | −0.022 | 0.321* |
| (0.226) | (0.443) | (0.587) | (0.743) | (0.048) | (0.086) | (0.131) | (0.136) | |
| Age and Sex | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Control Variables | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
| Home Tract Fixed Effects | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||
| N: Neighborhood Level | 178 | 89 | 89 | 89 | 178 | 178 | 89 | 89 |
| N: Individual Level | 1,180 | 674 | 674 | 674 | 1,180 | 1,180 | 674 | 674 |
| Collective Efficacy | ln(violent crime) | |||||||
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |
| B. Nonhome Collective Efficacy and ln(violent crime) | ||||||||
| Respondent Black (vs. White) | −1.062*** | −0.286*** | −0.277*** | −0.228** | 1.435*** | 0.249*** | 0.226** | 0.171* |
| (0.086) | (0.063) | (0.074) | (0.072) | (0.123) | (0.061) | (0.072) | (0.076) | |
| Neighborhood-Level Measures | ||||||||
| Tract concentrated disadvantage | −0.054 | −0.025 | 0.135* | 0.176* | ||||
| (0.043) | (0.106) | (0.061) | (0.073) | |||||
| Tract collective efficacy | 0.473*** | 0.503*** | ||||||
| (0.059) | (0.119) | |||||||
| ln(tract violent crime rate) | 0.586*** | 0.654*** | ||||||
| (0.062) | (0.053) | |||||||
| Constant | 0.419† | −0.390 | −0.478 | 0.263 | −0.201 | −0.521 | −0.423 | 1.159 |
| (0.231) | (0.402) | (0.564) | (0.653) | (0.293) | (0.448) | (0.593) | (0.893) | |
| Age and Sex | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Control Variables | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
| Home Tract Fixed Effects | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||
| N: Neighborhood Level | 178 | 178 | 89 | 89 | 178 | 178 | 89 | 89 |
| N: Individual Level | 1,180 | 1,180 | 674 | 674 | 1,180 | 1,180 | 674 | 674 |
Notes: The following variables are z-score-standardized: tract concentrated disadvantage, tract collective efficacy, nonhome concentrated disadvantage, and nonhome collective efficacy. Models control for all control variables described in the Data and Measures section. See the online appendix for full tables.
p < .10; *p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001 (two-tailed tests)