Notes: The observation period is January 2013 to August 2017. Columns under “Mothers” display characteristics for month of birth by birth event for the main sample and the imputed sample. All other columns display characteristics for multiple observations per individual across months within all Marines not observed having a baby (“All”) and all female Marines not observed having a baby (“Female”). Columns under “Potential Matched Groups” display descriptive characteristics for the month of the match to mothers for males we do not observe having a baby matched to the main sample (“Male”), females not observed having a baby matched to the main sample (“Female”), and females not observed having a baby matched to the imputed sample (“Female”), weighted by match weights. The p values indicate the statistical difference relative to mothers as noted in the comparison row using robust standard errors clustered by the individual. The F test assesses whether the listed characteristics jointly predict motherhood for the given column and its noted mother comparison group.

Other = non-White and non-Black. Hispanic = Hispanic ethnicity, captured separately from White/Black/Other.

AFQT = Armed Forces Qualification Test. GCT = General Classification Test.