Percentage change in pain trend when adjusting for single covariates in models of pain trends, 2002–2018
| Age 25–44 . | Age 45–64 . | Age 65–84 . | Total . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Covariate . | % Change . | Covariate . | % Change . | Covariate . | % Change . | Covariate . | % Change . |
| Distress (K6) | −76 | Distress (K6) | −36 | BMI | −21 | Distress (K6) | −40 |
| Alcohol Use | −34 | BMI | −23 | Hypertension | −13 | BMI | −25 |
| BMI | −31 | Alcohol Use | −14 | Diabetes | −9 | Alcohol Use | −20 |
| Hypertension | −16 | Diabetes | −9 | Kidney Cond. | −7 | Hypertension | −13 |
| Homeowner | −14 | Homeowner | −8 | Alcohol Use | −6 | Diabetes | −9 |
| Diabetes | −8 | Hypertension | −7 | Cancer | −6 | Homeowner | −8 |
| Married | −7 | Married | −4 | Distress (K6) | −5 | Cancer | −3 |
| Liver Cond. | −3 | Cancer | −3 | Liver Cond. | −2 | Married | −3 |
| Stroke | −3 | Liver Cond. | −1 | Homeowner | −1 | Liver Cond. | −2 |
| Heart Cond. | −3 | Stroke | −1 | Married | 0 | Kidney Cond. | −2 |
| Cancer | −1 | Kidney Cond. | −1 | Children | 0 | Stroke | 0 |
| Arthritis | 0 | Income | 0 | Stroke | 1 | Children | 0 |
| Employment | 1 | Children | 1 | Smoking | 2 | Arthritis | 1 |
| Kidney Cond. | 1 | Respiratory | 6 | Arthritis | 4 | Employment | 1 |
| Prior Empl. | 1 | Prior Empl. | 7 | Employment | 4 | Prior Empl. | 2 |
| Children | 2 | Employment | 7 | Prior Empl. | 4 | Heart Cond. | 4 |
| Income | 3 | Heart Cond. | 8 | Respiratory | 5 | Income | 6 |
| Phys. Activity | 9 | Arthritis | 14 | Heart Cond. | 7 | Respiratory | 7 |
| Respiratory | 10 | Education | 17 | Phys. Activity | 12 | Phys. Activity | 14 |
| Smoking | 28 | Phys. Activity | 18 | Education | 14 | Smoking | 19 |
| Education | 30 | Smoking | 24 | Income | 14 | Education | 20 |
| Age 25–44 . | Age 45–64 . | Age 65–84 . | Total . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Covariate . | % Change . | Covariate . | % Change . | Covariate . | % Change . | Covariate . | % Change . |
| Distress (K6) | −76 | Distress (K6) | −36 | BMI | −21 | Distress (K6) | −40 |
| Alcohol Use | −34 | BMI | −23 | Hypertension | −13 | BMI | −25 |
| BMI | −31 | Alcohol Use | −14 | Diabetes | −9 | Alcohol Use | −20 |
| Hypertension | −16 | Diabetes | −9 | Kidney Cond. | −7 | Hypertension | −13 |
| Homeowner | −14 | Homeowner | −8 | Alcohol Use | −6 | Diabetes | −9 |
| Diabetes | −8 | Hypertension | −7 | Cancer | −6 | Homeowner | −8 |
| Married | −7 | Married | −4 | Distress (K6) | −5 | Cancer | −3 |
| Liver Cond. | −3 | Cancer | −3 | Liver Cond. | −2 | Married | −3 |
| Stroke | −3 | Liver Cond. | −1 | Homeowner | −1 | Liver Cond. | −2 |
| Heart Cond. | −3 | Stroke | −1 | Married | 0 | Kidney Cond. | −2 |
| Cancer | −1 | Kidney Cond. | −1 | Children | 0 | Stroke | 0 |
| Arthritis | 0 | Income | 0 | Stroke | 1 | Children | 0 |
| Employment | 1 | Children | 1 | Smoking | 2 | Arthritis | 1 |
| Kidney Cond. | 1 | Respiratory | 6 | Arthritis | 4 | Employment | 1 |
| Prior Empl. | 1 | Prior Empl. | 7 | Employment | 4 | Prior Empl. | 2 |
| Children | 2 | Employment | 7 | Prior Empl. | 4 | Heart Cond. | 4 |
| Income | 3 | Heart Cond. | 8 | Respiratory | 5 | Income | 6 |
| Phys. Activity | 9 | Arthritis | 14 | Heart Cond. | 7 | Respiratory | 7 |
| Respiratory | 10 | Education | 17 | Phys. Activity | 12 | Phys. Activity | 14 |
| Smoking | 28 | Phys. Activity | 18 | Education | 14 | Smoking | 19 |
| Education | 30 | Smoking | 24 | Income | 14 | Education | 20 |
Notes: Each cell in the table shows the percentage change in the log odds of the coefficient for time trend when each covariate is added to a logistic model of “any pain” estimated as a function of demographics (age, sex, race, region, proxy respondent status, nativity, and language of interview). In each age group, the individual covariates are then arranged in order from the most attenuated to the most strengthened coefficient associated with the time trend. Variables with negative % values could be understood as “mediators,” and those with positive % values could be thought of as “suppressors.”
Source: NHIS 2002–2018.