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Table 7

Logistic regression estimates (odds ratios) of the probability of migration to the United States from four Latin American countries, interaction models

Model 1Model 2Model 3Model 4
Female 1.33 0.93 0.96 0.83 
(0.52) (0.43) (0.44) (0.40) 
Two-Parent Household 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.00 
(0.10) (0.10) (0.10) (0.10) 
Age 0.97*** 0.97*** 0.97*** 0.97*** 
(0.01) (0.01) (0.01) (0.01) 
Married/Union 0.92 0.91 0.84 0.84 
(0.11) (0.10) (0.10) (0.10) 
Secondary 0.83† 0.83† 0.82† 0.84† 
(0.08) (0.08) (0.08) (0.09) 
Postsecondary 0.64** 0.62*** 0.62*** 0.63*** 
(0.08) (0.08) (0.08) (0.09) 
Nicaragua 0.39*** 0.34*** 0.11*** 0.65 
(0.07) (0.08) (0.04) (0.72) 
Dominican Republic (DR) 0.63 0.35*** 0.37*** 1.00 
(0.12) (0.09) (0.10) (0.79) 
Costa Rica 0.99 1.01 1.02 0.25* 
(0.14) (0.17) (0.20) (0.16) 
Undocumented 0.77 0.75 0.77 0.75 
(0.21) (0.20) (0.21) (0.21) 
No Migration 0.12*** 0.11*** 0.12*** 0.11*** 
(0.03) (0.03) (0.03) (0.03) 
No. of Male Migrants in Household 1.05 1.05 1.06 1.07 
(0.07) (0.07) (0.07) (0.07) 
No. of Female Migrants in Household 1.44** 1.45** 1.45** 1.57** 
(0.19) (0.19) (0.19) (0.24) 
Male Household Months 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 
(0.00) (0.00) (0.00) (0.00) 
Female Household Months 0.99* 0.99* 0.99* 0.99 
(0.00) (0.00) (0.00) (0.01) 
Male Household Trips 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 
(0.04) (0.04) (0.04) (0.04) 
Female Household Trips 1.08 1.10 1.08 0.64† 
(0.28) (0.31) (0.30) (0.17) 
Log2(% male migrants in community) 2.07*** 1.96*** 1.96*** 1.91*** 
(0.15) (0.15) (0.15) (0.15) 
Log2(% female migrants in community) 0.88* 0.93 0.93 0.93 
(0.04) (0.05) (0.05) (0.05) 
Female × Married 1.71*** 1.74** 1.73** 1.68** 
(0.30) (0.31) (0.31) (0.30) 
Female × No. of Male Migrants in Household 1.28** 1.28** 1.29** 1.28** 
(0.12) (0.11) (0.11) (0.12) 
Female × No. of Female Migrants in Household 1.01 0.99 0.97 0.90 
(0.18) (0.18) (0.18) (0.17) 
Female × Male Household Months 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 
(0.00) (0.00) (0.00) (0.00) 
Female × Female Household Months 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 
(0.01) (0.01) (0.01) (0.01) 
Female × Male Household Trips 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.97 
(0.07) (0.07) (0.07) (0.06) 
Female × Female Household Trips 1.22 1.22 1.28 1.58 
(0.37) (0.39) (0.43) (0.44) 
Female × Log(% male migrants in community) 0.64*** 0.73** 0.73** 0.75* 
(0.07) (0.09) (0.09) (0.09) 
Female × Log(% female migrants in community) 1.16† 1.01 1.01 1.02 
(0.09) (0.09) (0.09) (0.09) 
Female × Nicaragua  1.42 1.12 1.22 
 (0.51) (0.41) (0.49) 
Female × Costa Rica  0.90 0.90 1.03 
 (0.28) (0.29) (0.31) 
Female × DR  3.90*** 4.11*** 3.90*** 
 (1.45) (1.58) (1.59) 
Married × Nicaragua   6.09*** 5.88*** 
  (2.65) (2.57) 
Married × Costa Rica   0.98 1.02 
  (0.26) (0.28) 
Married × DR   0.81 0.77 
  (0.27) (0.28) 
Nicaragua × No. of Male Migrants in Household    1.00 
   (0.38) 
Nicaragua × No. of female Migrants in Household    0.92 
   (0.29) 
Nicaragua × Male Household Months    0.99 
   (0.01) 
Nicaragua × Female Household Months    1.00 
   (0.01) 
Nicaragua × Male Household Trips    2.69† 
   (1.48) 
Nicaragua × Female Household Trips    0.97 
   (0.38) 
Nicaragua × Log(% male migrants in community)    0.23† 
   (0.19) 
Nicaragua × Log(% female migrants in community)    3.32† 
   (2.40) 
DR × No. of Male Migrants in Household    0.99 
   (0.20) 
DR × No. of Female Migrants in Household    1.08 
   (0.24) 
DR × Male Household Months    0.99 
   (0.01) 
DR × Female Household Months    0.99 
   (0.01) 
DR × Male Household Trips    1.48† 
   (0.34) 
DR × Female Household Trips    3.17** 
   (1.07) 
DR × Log(% male migrants in community)    0.94 
   (0.46) 
DR × Log(% female migrants in community)    0.81 
   (0.37) 
Costa Rica × No. of Male Migrants in Household    0.63* 
   (0.15) 
Costa Rica × No. of Female Migrants in Household    1.77 
   (1.00) 
Costa Rica × Male Household Months    1.00 
   (0.01) 
Costa Rica × Female Household Months    0.99 
   (0.02) 
Costa Rica × Male Household Trips    2.21* 
   (0.78) 
Costa Rica × Female Household Trips    0.32 
   (0.56) 
Costa Rica × Log(% male migrants in community)    1.24 
   (0.28) 
Costa Rica × Log(% female migrants in community)    1.21 
   (0.34) 
Constant 0.11*** 0.13*** 0.13*** 0.16*** 
(0.05) (0.06) (0.06) (0.07) 
–2 Log-Likelihood –2,565.63 –2,558.25 –2,546.15 –2,520.74 
Likelihood Ratio Chi-Square 935.31*** 951.81*** 932.3*** 1,013.9*** 
Pseudo-R2 .180 .182 .186 .194 
N 14,149 14,149 14,149 14,149 
Model 1Model 2Model 3Model 4
Female 1.33 0.93 0.96 0.83 
(0.52) (0.43) (0.44) (0.40) 
Two-Parent Household 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.00 
(0.10) (0.10) (0.10) (0.10) 
Age 0.97*** 0.97*** 0.97*** 0.97*** 
(0.01) (0.01) (0.01) (0.01) 
Married/Union 0.92 0.91 0.84 0.84 
(0.11) (0.10) (0.10) (0.10) 
Secondary 0.83† 0.83† 0.82† 0.84† 
(0.08) (0.08) (0.08) (0.09) 
Postsecondary 0.64** 0.62*** 0.62*** 0.63*** 
(0.08) (0.08) (0.08) (0.09) 
Nicaragua 0.39*** 0.34*** 0.11*** 0.65 
(0.07) (0.08) (0.04) (0.72) 
Dominican Republic (DR) 0.63 0.35*** 0.37*** 1.00 
(0.12) (0.09) (0.10) (0.79) 
Costa Rica 0.99 1.01 1.02 0.25* 
(0.14) (0.17) (0.20) (0.16) 
Undocumented 0.77 0.75 0.77 0.75 
(0.21) (0.20) (0.21) (0.21) 
No Migration 0.12*** 0.11*** 0.12*** 0.11*** 
(0.03) (0.03) (0.03) (0.03) 
No. of Male Migrants in Household 1.05 1.05 1.06 1.07 
(0.07) (0.07) (0.07) (0.07) 
No. of Female Migrants in Household 1.44** 1.45** 1.45** 1.57** 
(0.19) (0.19) (0.19) (0.24) 
Male Household Months 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 
(0.00) (0.00) (0.00) (0.00) 
Female Household Months 0.99* 0.99* 0.99* 0.99 
(0.00) (0.00) (0.00) (0.01) 
Male Household Trips 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 
(0.04) (0.04) (0.04) (0.04) 
Female Household Trips 1.08 1.10 1.08 0.64† 
(0.28) (0.31) (0.30) (0.17) 
Log2(% male migrants in community) 2.07*** 1.96*** 1.96*** 1.91*** 
(0.15) (0.15) (0.15) (0.15) 
Log2(% female migrants in community) 0.88* 0.93 0.93 0.93 
(0.04) (0.05) (0.05) (0.05) 
Female × Married 1.71*** 1.74** 1.73** 1.68** 
(0.30) (0.31) (0.31) (0.30) 
Female × No. of Male Migrants in Household 1.28** 1.28** 1.29** 1.28** 
(0.12) (0.11) (0.11) (0.12) 
Female × No. of Female Migrants in Household 1.01 0.99 0.97 0.90 
(0.18) (0.18) (0.18) (0.17) 
Female × Male Household Months 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 
(0.00) (0.00) (0.00) (0.00) 
Female × Female Household Months 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 
(0.01) (0.01) (0.01) (0.01) 
Female × Male Household Trips 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.97 
(0.07) (0.07) (0.07) (0.06) 
Female × Female Household Trips 1.22 1.22 1.28 1.58 
(0.37) (0.39) (0.43) (0.44) 
Female × Log(% male migrants in community) 0.64*** 0.73** 0.73** 0.75* 
(0.07) (0.09) (0.09) (0.09) 
Female × Log(% female migrants in community) 1.16† 1.01 1.01 1.02 
(0.09) (0.09) (0.09) (0.09) 
Female × Nicaragua  1.42 1.12 1.22 
 (0.51) (0.41) (0.49) 
Female × Costa Rica  0.90 0.90 1.03 
 (0.28) (0.29) (0.31) 
Female × DR  3.90*** 4.11*** 3.90*** 
 (1.45) (1.58) (1.59) 
Married × Nicaragua   6.09*** 5.88*** 
  (2.65) (2.57) 
Married × Costa Rica   0.98 1.02 
  (0.26) (0.28) 
Married × DR   0.81 0.77 
  (0.27) (0.28) 
Nicaragua × No. of Male Migrants in Household    1.00 
   (0.38) 
Nicaragua × No. of female Migrants in Household    0.92 
   (0.29) 
Nicaragua × Male Household Months    0.99 
   (0.01) 
Nicaragua × Female Household Months    1.00 
   (0.01) 
Nicaragua × Male Household Trips    2.69† 
   (1.48) 
Nicaragua × Female Household Trips    0.97 
   (0.38) 
Nicaragua × Log(% male migrants in community)    0.23† 
   (0.19) 
Nicaragua × Log(% female migrants in community)    3.32† 
   (2.40) 
DR × No. of Male Migrants in Household    0.99 
   (0.20) 
DR × No. of Female Migrants in Household    1.08 
   (0.24) 
DR × Male Household Months    0.99 
   (0.01) 
DR × Female Household Months    0.99 
   (0.01) 
DR × Male Household Trips    1.48† 
   (0.34) 
DR × Female Household Trips    3.17** 
   (1.07) 
DR × Log(% male migrants in community)    0.94 
   (0.46) 
DR × Log(% female migrants in community)    0.81 
   (0.37) 
Costa Rica × No. of Male Migrants in Household    0.63* 
   (0.15) 
Costa Rica × No. of Female Migrants in Household    1.77 
   (1.00) 
Costa Rica × Male Household Months    1.00 
   (0.01) 
Costa Rica × Female Household Months    0.99 
   (0.02) 
Costa Rica × Male Household Trips    2.21* 
   (0.78) 
Costa Rica × Female Household Trips    0.32 
   (0.56) 
Costa Rica × Log(% male migrants in community)    1.24 
   (0.28) 
Costa Rica × Log(% female migrants in community)    1.21 
   (0.34) 
Constant 0.11*** 0.13*** 0.13*** 0.16*** 
(0.05) (0.06) (0.06) (0.07) 
–2 Log-Likelihood –2,565.63 –2,558.25 –2,546.15 –2,520.74 
Likelihood Ratio Chi-Square 935.31*** 951.81*** 932.3*** 1,013.9*** 
Pseudo-R2 .180 .182 .186 .194 
N 14,149 14,149 14,149 14,149 

†p <.10; *p < .05; **p < .01; ***p <.001 (two-tailed tests)

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