Table 1

Balance table: TNS and MTurk

Experiment 1Experiment 2Experiment 2: Follow-up
TreatmentControlp ValueTreatmentControlp ValueTreatmentControlp Value
Income 62,465 62,083 .834 49,183 49,003 .930 49,548 48,538 .645 
Log Income 10.328 10.352 .860 10.565 10.556 .874 10.584 10.533 .398 
Age 40.769 40.303 .541 35.263 34.389 .264 35.706 34.883 .334 
Male 0.493 0.494 .978 0.588 0.532 .112 0.605 0.515 .017 
Household Size 2.875 2.978 .201 3.624 3.540 .389 3.565 3.523 .691 
Hispanic 0.042 0.045 .763 0.039 0.033 .662 0.040 0.032 .601 
Black 0.072 0.084 .435 0.063 0.095 .103 0.051 0.082 .101 
White 0.829 0.792 .096 0.793 0.775 .543 0.797 0.787 .744 
Christian 0.635 0.639 .908 0.427 0.396 .383 0.412 0.404 .811 
Full-Time Employed 0.517 0.519 .928 0.583 0.565 .613 0.590 0.567 .537 
Part-Time Employed 0.152 0.134 .383 0.180 0.182 .968 0.181 0.187 .829 
Unemployed 0.094 0.103 .607 0.078 0.130 .016 0.073 0.114 .067 
At Least Bachelor’s Degree 0.488 0.479 .748 0.449 0.481 .364 0.466 0.509 .261 
Born in the United States 0.948 0.945 .782 0.951 0.941 .530 0.946 0.939 .662 
Worried About Immigration 2.768 2.805 .469 2.759 2.839 .202 2.791 2.830 .563 
Prior Belief: English 37.032 37.279 .871 32.687 30.470 .138 32.335 30.154 .172 
Prior Belief: Unemployed 24.592 23.971 .649 22.403 18.240 .002 21.704 18.404 .023 
Prior Belief: Share Immigrants 34.619 34.785 .900 22.165 23.378 .283 21.467 23.241 .134 
Prior Belief: Share Undocumented Immigrants 25.470 25.376 .943 14.078 13.727 .745 13.568 13.439 .910 
Prior Belief: Crime 18.211 19.306 .389 12.846 11.857 .312 12.440 11.604 .416 
Democrat 0.448 0.450 .938 0.576 0.588 .718 0.585 0.585 .999 
Republican 0.338 0.303 .192 0.229 0.238 .774 0.223 0.249 .431 
Neither
Republican nor Democrat 		0.214 0.247 .176 0.195 0.174 .440 0.192 0.167 .383 
Experiment 1Experiment 2Experiment 2: Follow-up
TreatmentControlp ValueTreatmentControlp ValueTreatmentControlp Value
Income 62,465 62,083 .834 49,183 49,003 .930 49,548 48,538 .645 
Log Income 10.328 10.352 .860 10.565 10.556 .874 10.584 10.533 .398 
Age 40.769 40.303 .541 35.263 34.389 .264 35.706 34.883 .334 
Male 0.493 0.494 .978 0.588 0.532 .112 0.605 0.515 .017 
Household Size 2.875 2.978 .201 3.624 3.540 .389 3.565 3.523 .691 
Hispanic 0.042 0.045 .763 0.039 0.033 .662 0.040 0.032 .601 
Black 0.072 0.084 .435 0.063 0.095 .103 0.051 0.082 .101 
White 0.829 0.792 .096 0.793 0.775 .543 0.797 0.787 .744 
Christian 0.635 0.639 .908 0.427 0.396 .383 0.412 0.404 .811 
Full-Time Employed 0.517 0.519 .928 0.583 0.565 .613 0.590 0.567 .537 
Part-Time Employed 0.152 0.134 .383 0.180 0.182 .968 0.181 0.187 .829 
Unemployed 0.094 0.103 .607 0.078 0.130 .016 0.073 0.114 .067 
At Least Bachelor’s Degree 0.488 0.479 .748 0.449 0.481 .364 0.466 0.509 .261 
Born in the United States 0.948 0.945 .782 0.951 0.941 .530 0.946 0.939 .662 
Worried About Immigration 2.768 2.805 .469 2.759 2.839 .202 2.791 2.830 .563 
Prior Belief: English 37.032 37.279 .871 32.687 30.470 .138 32.335 30.154 .172 
Prior Belief: Unemployed 24.592 23.971 .649 22.403 18.240 .002 21.704 18.404 .023 
Prior Belief: Share Immigrants 34.619 34.785 .900 22.165 23.378 .283 21.467 23.241 .134 
Prior Belief: Share Undocumented Immigrants 25.470 25.376 .943 14.078 13.727 .745 13.568 13.439 .910 
Prior Belief: Crime 18.211 19.306 .389 12.846 11.857 .312 12.440 11.604 .416 
Democrat 0.448 0.450 .938 0.576 0.588 .718 0.585 0.585 .999 
Republican 0.338 0.303 .192 0.229 0.238 .774 0.223 0.249 .431 
Neither
Republican nor Democrat 		0.214 0.247 .176 0.195 0.174 .440 0.192 0.167 .383 

Note: We present the balance test for our samples from Experiment 1 (TNS sample) and Experiment 2 (MTurk sample main survey and follow-up).

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