As observed by James Ashley Morrison and José Luís Cardoso in their postscript to this volume, “It is hard to overstate to which degree the First World War disordered the international system” (403). The First World War marked a dramatic break and was a significant factor contributing to the end of the first era of globalization. Crucial features of the nineteenth-century global order were completely transformed: the power relations between the great powers (especially the rise of the United States and the breakup of some great empires); voting rights, which were significantly extended, and new relations between classes; and the relation between the state and the market, a relation that was seen in new perspectives. Morrison and Cardoso even argue that it was “a cataclysm virtually without precedent in human history” (403). However, one might also observe how different the tragic interwar period was, with the Great Depression and the...

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